Simple Servers for Simple People

Server Install

Once all prerequisites are installed you are ready to download and install the Minecraft server itself. I like to use the direct links to the server files provided on the Minecraft Wiki, especially if you will be adding mods, so you can pick the exact version you need. Once you have selected a version look for the Download section of the information box at the top right of the page. Right click the Server link and select 'Copy link address', then download the file on your server by running wget followed by the copied link:

wget https://launcher.mojang.com/mc/game/1.12.2/server/886945bfb2b978778c3a0288fd7fab09d315b25f/server.jar

will download the 1.12.2 server file.

Next the file must be moved to the folder selected for the server's files, /srv/minecraft on my server. Since the folder is owned by the service account created earlier you will need to use sudo to move the file:

sudo mv server.jar /srv/minecraft/server-1.12.2.jar

the above command also renames the server.jar to include the version number.

Then the owner of the server file should be changed to the service account for the Minecraft server, minecraft on my server:

cd /srv/minecraft
sudo chown minecraft:nogroup server-1.12.2.jar

and change the permissions on the server file so all users can see it, but only the owner can change it:

sudo chmod 644 server-1.12.2.jar

The server is now ready to run for the first time, which will create additional files in the server folder needed to actually run the Minecraft server. Since the server must run using the service again you will use sudo again:

sudo -u minecraft java -jar server-1.12.2.jar nogui

The -u minecraft option specifies that the next command be run as the minecraft user, and should be replaced with your service account name, if you chose something different. The -jar server-1.12.2.jar option tells Java which file to run, and should be replaced with the server file that was moved into the server folder.

After running the server .jar file for the first time you should see a message asking you to agree to the EULA:

ubuntu@ip-10-0-0-16:/srv/minecraft$ sudo -u minecraft java -jar server-1.12.2.jar nogui
[17:13:11] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting minecraft server version 1.12.2
[17:13:11] [Server thread/INFO]: Loading properties
[17:13:11] [Server thread/WARN]: server.properties does not exist
[17:13:11] [Server thread/INFO]: Generating new properties file
[17:13:11] [Server thread/WARN]: Failed to load eula.txt
[17:13:11] [Server thread/INFO]: You need to agree to the EULA in order to run the server. Go to eula.txt for more info.
[17:13:11] [Server thread/INFO]: Stopping server

To do so, open eula.txt using sudo to allow write access using the editor of your choice:

sudo nano eula.txt

(nano is my preferred editor) and change the eula=false line to say eula=true, then save and close the file.

Now the server can be run again using the same command and should actually start the Minecraft server:

ubuntu@ip-10-0-0-16:/srv/minecraft$ sudo -u minecraft java -jar server-1.12.2.jar nogui
[17:27:33] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting minecraft server version 1.12.2
[17:27:33] [Server thread/INFO]: Loading properties
[17:27:34] [Server thread/INFO]: Default game type: SURVIVAL
[17:27:34] [Server thread/INFO]: Generating keypair
[17:27:34] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
[17:27:34] [Server thread/INFO]: Using epoll channel type
[17:27:34] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing level "world"
[17:27:34] [Server thread/INFO]: Loaded 488 advancements
[17:27:35] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing start region for level 0
[17:27:36] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 6%
[17:27:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 12%
[17:27:38] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 18%
[17:27:39] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 26%
[17:27:40] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 34%
[17:27:41] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 43%
[17:27:42] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 50%
[17:27:43] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 59%
[17:27:44] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 69%
[17:27:45] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 79%
[17:27:46] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 88%
[17:27:47] [Server thread/INFO]: Done (12.996s)! For help, type "help" or "?"

Once the 'Done' message appears the Minecraft server is ready for players. You can test it by connecting to your server's address through the Minecraft client. Server commands can be issued directly, such as stop to shut down the server:

stop
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Stopping the server
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Stopping server
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Saving players
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Saving worlds
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Saving chunks for level 'world'/overworld
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Saving chunks for level 'world'/the_nether
[17:33:37] [Server thread/INFO]: Saving chunks for level 'world'/the_end

At this point you have a vanilla Minecraft server installed, and can move on to the Server Setup section, or install Minecraft Forge first, to allow mods to be added to the server.

Optional: Forge Install

If you want to includes mods on your Minecraft server, then the Forge Mod Loader must be installed. The installed can be downloaded from the Minecraft Forge site. Find the Minecraft version that you've installed on your server, and select the recomended version of Minecraft Forge, unless you plan to install a mod that requires a specific version. You will need to download the regular Installer, not the Windows Installer version. This can be done using wget:

wget https://files.minecraftforge.net/maven/net/minecraftforge/forge/1.12.2-14.23.4.2705/forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar

Then the same process of moving the installer file to the server folder and changing the owner and permissions that was done on the Minecraft server file must be done to the Minecraft Forge installer:

sudo mv forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar /srv/minecraft
cd /srv/minecraft/
sudo chown minecraft:nogroup forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar 
sudo chmod 664 forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar

You can now install Minecraft Forge, using sudo to run it as the service account:

ubuntu@ip-10-0-0-16:/srv/minecraft$ sudo -u minecraft java -jar forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar --installServer
Setting up logger: /srv/minecraft/forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar.log
Installing server to current directory
MESSAGE: Data kindly mirrored by Forge at http://MinecraftForge.net/
MESSAGE: Considering minecraft server jar
MESSAGE: Downloading minecraft server version 1.12.2
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The server installed successfully, you should now be able to run the file forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-universal.jar
You can delete this installer file now if you wish

Once the install is complete the installer and log can be removed from the server folder:

sudo rm forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar
sudo rm forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-installer.jar.log

and the server can be started for the first time:

ubuntu@ip-10-0-0-16:/srv/minecraft$ sudo -u minecraft java -jar forge-1.12.2-14.23.4.2705-universal.jar nogui
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Loading tweak class name net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLServerTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Using primary tweak class name net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLServerTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLServerTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [FML]: Forge Mod Loader version 14.23.4.2705 for Minecraft 1.12.2 loading
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [FML]: Java is Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, version 1.8.0_181, running on Linux:amd64:4.4.0-1062-aws, installed at /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [FML]: Searching /srv/minecraft/./mods for mods
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Loading tweak class name net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLInjectionAndSortingTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Loading tweak class name net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLDeobfTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLInjectionAndSortingTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLInjectionAndSortingTweaker
[21:22:15] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.relauncher.CoreModManager$FMLPluginWrapper
[21:22:17] [main/INFO] [FML]: Found valid fingerprint for Minecraft Forge. Certificate fingerprint e3c3d50c7c986df74c645c0ac54639741c90a557
[21:22:17] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.relauncher.CoreModManager$FMLPluginWrapper
[21:22:17] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.FMLDeobfTweaker
[21:22:17] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Loading tweak class name net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.TerminalTweaker
[21:22:17] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Calling tweak class net.minecraftforge.fml.common.launcher.TerminalTweaker
[21:22:17] [main/INFO] [LaunchWrapper]: Launching wrapped minecraft {net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer}
[21:22:21] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Starting minecraft server version 1.12.2
[21:22:21] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: MinecraftForge v14.23.4.2705 Initialized
[21:22:21] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Starts to replace vanilla recipe ingredients with ore ingredients.
[21:22:21] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Replaced 1036 ore ingredients
[21:22:21] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Config directory created successfully
[21:22:21] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Searching /srv/minecraft/./mods for mods
[21:22:22] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Forge Mod Loader has identified 4 mods to load
[21:22:22] [Server thread/WARN] [FML]: Missing English translation for FML: assets/fml/lang/en_us.lang
[21:22:22] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Attempting connection with missing mods [minecraft, mcp, FML, forge] at CLIENT
[21:22:22] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Attempting connection with missing mods [minecraft, mcp, FML, forge] at SERVER
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Processing ObjectHolder annotations
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Found 1169 ObjectHolder annotations
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Identifying ItemStackHolder annotations
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Found 0 ItemStackHolder annotations
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Configured a dormant chunk cache size of 0
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Applying holder lookups
[21:22:23] [Forge Version Check/INFO] [forge.VersionCheck]: [forge] Starting version check at http://files.minecraftforge.net/maven/net/minecraftforge/forge/promotions_slim.json
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Holder lookups applied
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Applying holder lookups
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Holder lookups applied
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Applying holder lookups
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Holder lookups applied
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Applying holder lookups
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Holder lookups applied
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Injecting itemstacks
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Itemstack injection complete
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Loading properties
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Default game type: SURVIVAL
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Generating keypair
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.network.NetworkSystem]: Using epoll channel type
[21:22:23] [Forge Version Check/INFO] [forge.VersionCheck]: [forge] Found status: UP_TO_DATE Target: null
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Applying holder lookups
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Holder lookups applied
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Injecting itemstacks
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Itemstack injection complete
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Forge Mod Loader has successfully loaded 4 mods
[21:22:23] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Preparing level "world"
[21:22:24] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Loading dimension 0 (world) (net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer@1cb675d7)
[21:22:24] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.advancements.AdvancementList]: Loaded 488 advancements
[21:22:24] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Loading dimension 1 (world) (net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer@1cb675d7)
[21:22:24] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Loading dimension -1 (world) (net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer@1cb675d7)
[21:22:24] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Preparing start region for level 0
[21:22:25] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Preparing spawn area: 10%
[21:22:26] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Preparing spawn area: 57%
[21:22:27] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Done (3.474s)! For help, type "help" or "?"
[21:22:27] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Unloading dimension -1
[21:22:27] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Unloading dimension 1

The Minecraft Forge server is running once the 'Done' message appears, and server commands can be entered, such as stop to shutdown the server:

> stop
[21:22:37] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.dedicated.DedicatedServer]: Stopping the server
[21:22:37] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Stopping server
[21:22:37] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Saving players
[21:22:37] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Saving worlds
[21:22:37] [Server thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Saving chunks for level 'world'/overworld
[21:22:37] [Server thread/INFO] [FML]: Unloading dimension 0
[21:22:37] [Server Shutdown Thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Stopping server
[21:22:37] [Server Shutdown Thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Saving players
[21:22:37] [Server Shutdown Thread/INFO] [net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer]: Saving worlds

Now you are ready to move on to the Server Setup section to add management tools to your server, and optionally move an existing world or add mods to your server.